Blog
The technical content top engineers rely on to level up.
4 min read
Vandermonde Matrices
Vandermonde Matrices A Vandermonde matrix is a matrix that converts a polynomial from its coefficient representation into its value representation at a set of points. For a polynomial $f(x) = a_0...
20 min read
Roots of Unity in Finite Fields
Roots of Unity in Finite Fields This article explains what Roots of Unity in a Finite Field are and how they are intertwined with multiplicative subgroups. The reader is expected to be familiar with...
11 min read
Interest Bearing Token Part 2
Interest Bearing Token Part 2 The interest-bearing extension adds the ability for a token mint to accrue interest over time. In our previous discussion of Token-2022, we introduced the...
12 min read
Interest Bearing Token Part 1
Interest Bearing Token Part 1 The Token-2022 interest-bearing extension enables a token mint to automatically accrue interest on all token accounts for that specific mint. It uses an annual rate...
14 min read
Ed25519 Signature Verification in Solana
Ed25519 Signature Verification in Solana Verifying Ed25519 Signatures in Solana Anchor Programs This tutorial shows how to verify an off-chain Ed25519 signature in a Solana program. In Solana, custom...
10 min read
Solana Instruction Introspection
Solana Instruction Introspection Instruction introspection enables a Solana program to read an instruction other than its own within the same transaction. Normally, a program can only read the...
22 min read
Multiplication of Polynomials in Point Form
Multiplication of Polynomials in Point Form Polynomial multiplication is widely used in zero-knowledge proofs and mathematical cryptography. But the brute force or traditional approach for...
9 min read
The Solana Token 2022 Specification
The Solana Token 2022 Specification Token-2022 is a new backward-compatible version of the SPL Token program that supports additional features in the form of extensions. The bytecode for these...
13 min read
Time Travel Testing with LiteSVM
Time Travel Testing with LiteSVM In Solana, writing test cases that depend on the passing of time is tricky. We might want to test that something happens in our code after a day passes, but we can't...
9 min read
Implementing Token Metadata with Metaplex
Implementing Token Metadata with Metaplex We introduced the Metaplex metadata standard in the previous tutorial. In this one, we’ll create an SPL token and attach metadata to it using the Metaplex...
13 min read
How Metaplex Metadata for Tokens Works
How Metaplex Metadata for Tokens Works We have deployed and interacted with SPL tokens, but none of them had a name, symbol, or any metadata attached. Instead, we identified each token by its mint...
7 min read
Basic Bank Tutorial with SPL Tokens and Anchor
Basic Bank Tutorial with SPL Tokens and Anchor In this tutorial, we’ll build a simple bank program on Solana with the basic features you'd expect from a regular bank. Users can create accounts, check...